QUIZ#2 STUDENT QUESTION STUDY GUIDE
TRUE/FALSE
*** Conditions surrounding the word
AND are evaluated first. (T)
*** When there are several AND or OR connectors, the AND conditions are evaluated first, as
they appear in the statement, from left to right. Then the OR conditions
are evaluated, also from left to right. (T)
*** Fields being compared in an IF
statement must always be the same size. (F)
*** The clause IF A IS NOT POSITIVE
is the same as the clause IF A IS NEGATIVE.
(F)
*** In an
IF-statement, the ELSE is required when using more than one IF-statement at
once. (F)
*** ZERO is
included in POSITIVE numbers and not NEGATIVE (F)
*** EBCDIC
and ASCII Collating sequences have the same order of precedence from high to
low (F)
***
Condition names are always in Area B (T)
*** The
"END-IF" statement will terminate all IF-statements together at once
(F)
*** A class
test separates conditions from each other in memory (ie:
numeric vs alphabetic) so they cannot be mixed up
thinking one is the other. (F)
*** Indentation is important in the logic of a program. (F)
*** Collating sequence - "smith" is less than "saunders" in Unix. (T)
***
When a literal is stored in a numeric identifier, it is stored as letters.
(F)
*** A
control-break algorithm is a type of loop. (T)
*** AND and OR go between two conditions that do not evaluate to
true or false. (F)
*** if a = b and c means a = b and b = c (F)
*** Since a
condition should evaluate to true or false, a condition name should also evaluate to
true or false(T)
*** Like
all other level numbers, the condition name level number 88 also appears in the
working-storage section of the data division. (T)
*** Conditions
are not evaluated (F)
*** Nested
IF statements are allowed (T)
*** An iteration will continue while the condition is false (F)
*** IF
statements does not need an end-if at the end of the operations (F)
*** You can
use the words AND NOT or OR in your if condition (T)
*** If the
condition is false, the ELSE section of statements is executed, if it
exists. The ELSE is required. (F)
*** The
first test in a condition must be a full test.
T
*** If a
condition is false, the statements are executed. F
*** OR and
NOT are examples of relational operators.
F
*** THEN is
a required word when using an if statement. F
*** Precedence
is used when evaluating conditions. T
*** When
evaluating a condition, COBOL does not use any form of precedence. The
conditions are evaluated from left to right.
F
***
Perform-until are-there-more-records = “no” is correct COBOL syntax. T
*** An
in-line perform never ends with an end-perform.
F
*** When
implementing the single-control break algorithm, you must use a variable that
can be changed to hold the value of the condition that is being checked. T
*** The
single-control break algorithm uses a nested perform. T
*** “AbC” is great than “aBc” when
using the unix collating
sequence. (F)
*** “Yes”
is equal to “yes” in the unix
collating sequence. (F)
*** Conditions
surrounding AND have the highest precedence. (T)
***
Parenthesis don’t change the order in precedence. (F)
*** Conditions
can only be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. (T)
*** Zero
can be included as either a positive or a negative number when it comes to
conditions. (F)
*** COBOL
is a strongly typed language. (F)
*** One can
just assume the order of the group in an input file when they are wanting to sort by means of a single control break. (F)
*** When
using an “if” statement, there does not have to be an “else” statement to go
along with it. (T)
*** Spaces
have a lower precedence than 0-9 in the unix
collating sequence. (T)
*** (F) IF
Statements can not be used with logical operators
*** (T) When
using a single control break algorithm the data must be sorted
*** (T) Condition
names must evaluate to True or False
*** (F) Numeric
literals can not be used when using an IF statement
*** (T) An
88 level number must be used with an 01
*** (T) A perform statement will execute
all instruction in a Paragraph
*** (T) Perform
statements can be told how many times to execute
*** (T) Else
clauses are optional
*** (F) All
IF statements MUST end with a period
*** (F) Class
tests are used while running COBOL debugger
*** (F) IBM
and Unix use the same collating sequence
*** (T) Multiple
Condition names can be used for the same 01
*** (T) Comparisons
are based on numeric fields
*** (T) NOT
(greater than or equal to) is equivalent to LESS THAN
*** (F) COBOL
does not require unique condition Names
*** (F) Parentheses
may be used to alter the hierarchy of operations
*** (T) Loops should follow instructions
*** (F) When using Perform Until it is already known how many times the loop will
execute
*** The
first test in a condition must be a “full test” meaning that it evaluates to
true or false. (T)
***
Conditions should evaluate to true or false, but condition names do not have to
evaluate to true or false. (F)
***
Condition names use level number 88 and appear in the working storage section.
(T)
*** The
identifiers Positive, Negative, and Zero are used in a CLASS test. (F)
SHORT ANSWER
*** Give an
example of why collating sequences (EBCDIC, ASCII) are useful.
-If you are trying to put something
in alphabetical order.
*** Write a
valid IF statement that contains two relational operators and one logical
operator.
-IF a is less than b and c is
greater than b
perform
200-do-something.
*** What
are the two rules for using a nested perform varying?
- The innermost perform varying loop
is executed first.
- The next outer perform varying
loop in the sequence is then executed.
*** What
will happen if the condition you are using for the execution of your loop never
changes value?
-you will get an infinite loop
*** When
are the statements in an IF statement executed?
-when the condition is true
*** What is wrong with the following
statement?
If A equals B
Move 1 to A
End-if
Answer:
This should be: If A is equal to B
*** What is wrong with the following
statement?
If A = B
Move 0 to counter.
Else
Move 100 to counter
End-if
Answer:
There should be no period after Move 0 to counter
*** Write an example of a nested
conditional
If condition-1
statement-1
Else
If
condition-2
statement-2
Else
statement-3
End-if
End-if
*** What is wrong with the following
statement?
If A is equal to B or if B is equal to C
perform 500-routine
End-if
Answer:
With compound conditionals, the word If is only coded once. The second if
should be removed.
*** Write a single statement to
perform 200-routine if the following conditions are all met; otherwise perform
300-routine: A=B; C=D; E=F.
Answer:
If A=B and C=D and E=F
perform
200-routine
Else
perform
300-routine
End-if
*** Explain when a control break
procedure is performed.
Answer: When an input control
field is not equal to the control field stored in the hold area.
*** Explain how the input data needs
to be ordered for a control break to work properly.
Answer: The input records must
be ordered by the field you wish to use as the control field.
*** Explain the purpose of a
compound conditional.
Answer: A compound conditional
allows the programmer to test for several conditions with one statement such as
AND and OR in the same statement.
*** What is the sequences in conditions from high to low in EBCDIC?
0-9
A-Z
a-z
special
characters
spaces
*** List
the different types of PERFORM STATEMENTS.
Perform-Until
Perform #
times
Perform
Varying
*** What is
the difference between IF-statements and EVALUATE-stateents?
The syntax
is the only difference
If-Then
Evaluate True
Else When
End-If
When other
End-evaluate
*** List
the different conditions in order of Precedence (high to low) Cobol reads them
Numeric
positive
Numeric
zero
Numeric
negative
Alphabetic-upper
Alphabetic-lower
special
characters
spaces
*** What have we been using the control-break algorithm to do?ANSWER: Sort output in groups or types. And now to see who's been paying attention. *** Explain how the COBOL perform statement can be used to do something a set number of times, like in a for loop in another language.HARD ANSWER: TO include the use of a counter that increments after each iteration, must also include that the counter's value controls perform statement's execution, EX: PERFORM UNTIL MyCounter = 76.EASY ANSWER: "PERFORM ... TIMES". ***Explain how COBOL if statements differ from if statements in a different Object Oriented language of your choice, such as Java, C++ or VB.ANSWER: To include the ability of more modern languages to make multiple comparisons (Else if). May also include syntactical differences, such as the use of parentheses. *** What is the difference between a "normal" perform statement and an "In Line Perform" in COBOL?ANSWER: To include the fact that an in line perform does some statement until the condition is met, whereas a normal perform does a PARAGRAPGH until the condition is met. *** Explain how a COBOL control break structure is different from a control break structure in another language like Java or C++.ANSWER: It isn't, aside from syntax and the difficulty of getting it to work.
*** Name 3
types of perform statements.
Perform-until
Perform #
of times
Perform
varying
*** List
the five relational operators.
£, ³, <, >, =
*** What is
the order of precedence when it comes to “AND” and “OR”?
Conditions
surrounding AND, Conditions surrounding OR, AND from left to right, OR from
left to right.
*** The
class test is used to evaluate what?
Numeric and
alphabetic
*** The
sign test is used to evaluate what?
Positive,
negative, and zero
*** What is
the name of the condition when you have the following: “if a = b and c”?
Implied
MULTIPLE CHOICE
*** Which if the following is a syntactically proper COBOL if statement?a) IF (AMT is less Than ZERO) THEN ADD 1 TO Somevalue ELSE ADD 7 to SomeOtherValue END IFb) IF (AMT is less Than ZERO) THEN (ADD 1 TO Somevalue) ELSE (ADD 7 to SomeOtherValue) END-IFc) IF AMT is less Than ZERO THEN ADD 1 TO Somevalue ELSE IF AMT is EQUAL TO 4 ADD 7 to SomeOtherValue END-IFd) IF AMT is less Than ZERO THEN ADD 1 TO Somevalue ELSE ADD 7 to SomeOtherValue END-IF ANSWER: D *** How many comparisons can a single COBOL if statement make? (A single comparison would be is MYVALUE > 7, for example)a) 1b) 2c) There is no limitd) COBOL if statements are not used to compare variable values ANSWER: A *** Which of the following errors are possible within a COBOL if statement?a) Infinite loopb) Logical Errorc) Runtime Errord) All of the abovee) None of the above ANSWER: D *** The COBOL perform loop is the equivalent of which of the following structures found in other languages, such as Java or C++a) For loopb) Do-While loopc) Methodd) None of the Above ANSWER: B *** If someone wanted a COBOL perform "loop" to execute once before the condition is checked, which of the following would they do?a) Use a standard perform statementb) Use an in line performc) Skillful use of the COBOL reserved word "AFTER"d) This is not possible in COBOLe) Pray piously ANSWER: C (Though "E" may be easier and more effective)
***A =
0, B = 9…..
Perform until a > b
Add 2 to a
End-perform
How many additions are performed?
A) 3. B.) 4. C.)
5. D.) 6
Answer: C
*** If an
IF statement is true, what’s the first thing it does?
A.)
Exits
the statement
B.)
Executes
the function
C.)
Exits
the Program
D.)
Executes
the If statement again
Answer: B
*** Not
negative means…
A.) Equal to 0
B.) Greater than or equal to 1
C.) Less than or
equal to 0
D.) Greater than or
equal to 0
Answer: D
*** Which
of the following is NOT a valid symbol to use in an IF condition
A.
=
B.
=<
C.
=>
D.
>
Answer: C
*** Which
is the correct ASCII collating sequence?
A.
spaces,
special characters, 0-9, A-Z, a-z
B.
spaces,
a-z, A-Z, 0-9, special characters
C.
a-z,
A-Z, 0-9, spaces, special characters
D.
0-9,
special characters, spaces, a-z, A-Z
Answer: A
MATCHING
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.
Evaluates to True or False (E)
2.
Condition Names (F)
3. A class
(B)
4. Default
for Perform (H)
5. A Loop
(C)
6. Evaluate
True (D)
7. control break value does not equal temp value (G)
8. and & or (A)
PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS
*** You are working on staffing shifts at a hospital and are wondering how many employees are available for what shifts. There are three shifts; mornings, afternoons, and nights. Write a program using a single control break algorithm to total how many employees are available for each shift. The shifts are abbreviated m for mornings, a for afternoons, and n for nights. Input file descriptionFD h-file.
01 h-rec.
05 emp-name pic x(10). 05 av-shift pic x. FD out-file.01 out-total.
05 pic x(12) value "Total Avail ". 05 av-shift-out pic x. 05 emp-out pic 99. working storage variables
01 tot-emp pic 99 value 0.01 cb-shift pic x.
77 eof pic x value "N". Procedure Division100-main-moduleopen input h-file.
open output out-file.
read h-file at end move "Y" to eof
end read
if eof = "N"
move av-shift to cb-shiftend-if
perform 200-shift-routine
until eof = "Y"move av-shift to av-shift-out.
move tot-emp to emp-out.
write out-total.
close h-file.
close out-file
stop run.
200-shift-routine.
if cb-shift not = av-shift move av-shift to av-shift-out move tot-emp to emp-out write out-total move 0 to tot-emp end-if add 1 to tot-emp read h-file at end move "Y" to eof. *** You are grading exams and wish to find out the average of the exam, and how many students did better than the average of the exam. Write a program to do this. FD s-file.
01 s-rec.
05 st-name pic x(10). 05 st-grade pic 999. FD out-file.01 out-avg.
05 pic x(9) value "Average: ". 05 avg-out pic 999v99.01 out-total.
05 pic x(16) value "Students above: ". 05 total-st pic 999. working storage
01 tot-st pic 999 value 0.01 tot-gr pic 9(5) value 0.
77 eof pic x value "N". procedure division
100-main-module.
open input s-file.
open output out-file.
read s-file at end move "Y" to eof.
perform 200-read-data
until eof = "Y".Divide tot-gr by tot-st.move tot-gr to avg-out.
write out-avg.
move 0 to ttot-st.
move "N" to eof.
close input s-file.
open input s-file.
read s-file at end move "Y" to eof
perform 250-read data
until eof = "Y".move tot-st to total-st.
write out-total.
close input s-file.
close output out-file.
stop run.
200-read-data.
compute tot-st = tot-st + 1 compute tot-gr = tot-gr + st-grade read s-file at end move "Y" to eof. 250-read-data.
if st-grade > tot-gr add 1 to tot-st end-if read s-file at end move "Y" to eof.
*** What is
the output of the following code.
working-storage
section.
77
credit-hours pic 999 value
108.
…
procedure
division.
…
If credit-hours < 45
display “Freshmen”
End-if
If credit-hours > =45 and
< 90
display “Sophmore”
End-if
If credit-hours <= 90 and
> 135
display “Junior”
End-if
If credit-hours > = 135
display “Senior”
End-if
accept omitted
stop
run.
Answer: Junior
*** The secretary in
the business office needs to order lunch for the next staff meeting She plans to order from a list of 5 types of
sandwiches from the deli across the street.
In an input file she has written the name of each worker in the office
and the type of sandwich that they will eat.
The file description and working storage variables are given below. Add to the working storage section as necessary.
Input
file: working
storage variables:
FD lunch-file. 77 eof
pic x value “N”.
01 lunch-rec. 77 cbval-type
pic x(15).
05
employee-name-in pic x(20). 77 num-cb-records pic 99 value 0.
05
sandwich-type-in pic x(15). …
Output
file:
FD lunch-order.
01 print-rec pic
x(80).
Write a
program to output the information in the input file grouped by the type of
sandwich. Also calculate the total
number of people for each sandwich group. The output should follow the format
below:
(blank)
Names of
employees (one per line, no blank lines in between)
(blank)
Total
order: integer value
(blank)
à Repeat “Sandwich” section.
Answer:
working-storage section.
…
01 type-header.
05 pic x(10) value
“
05 sandwich-type-out pic x(15).
01 total-label.
05 pic x(13)
value “Total order: ”.
05 num-group-recs pic 99.
01 ws-print-rec.
05 employee-name-out pic x(20).
procedure
division.
100-main-module.
open input lunch-file output lunch-order
read lunch-file at end move “Y” to eof
perform
150-type-header
perform
200-cb-routine until eof = “Y”
perform
250-calc-routine
close
lunch-file lunch-order
stop run.
150-type-header.
move
sandwich-type-in to sandwich-type-out.
write
print-rec from type-header after advancing 2 lines.
move spaces
to print-rec
write
print-rec.
200-cb-routine.
if cbval-type not =
sandwich-type-in
perform
250-calc-routine
move
sandwich-type-in to sandwich-type-out
perform
150-type-header
end-if
add 1 to
num-cb-records
move
employee-name-in to employee-name-out
write
print-rec from ws-print-rec
read
lunch-file at end move “Y” to eof.
250-calc-routine.
move num-cb-records to num-group-recs
move 0 to
num-cb-records
write
print-rec from total label after advancing 2 lines.